Water is an indispensable and precious resource in life, but with the rapid development of social industry, untreated wastewater is directly discharged into rivers, leading to increasing water pollution. Wastewater reuse and resource recovery have become new themes and trends in wastewater treatment, and are also one of the core issues in environmental protection engineering. Membrane separation technology is a technology that utilizes the different particle sizes of mixtures to separate, purify, and concentrate mixtures under external conditions or chemical potential differences. It mainly utilizes the selective permeability of membranes and has the characteristics of being able to perform at room temperature, no phase change, chemical change, good selectivity, strong adaptability, and low energy consumption. The commonly used membrane technologies in wastewater treatment currently include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, etc.
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