Reverse osmosis membranes are mainly divided into two categories based on their materials: cellulose acetate membranes and polyamide composite membranes. The earliest trace of cellulose acetate membrane can be traced back to the cellulose acetate (CA) membrane handcrafted by Reid, followed by the development of high-throughput and high salt rejection cellulose diacetate (CDA) asymmetric membranes, as well as cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes with better chemical and thermal stability. However, due to the inherent limitations of cellulose in its industrial application, high-performance ultra-thin polyamide composite films have been developed. Compared with cellulose membranes, aromatic polyamide (TFC) composite membranes exhibit excellent water flux and desalination rate, pressure resistance, wider operating temperature and pH range, and excellent resistance to biological contamination. So far, aromatic polyamide composite membranes prepared by interface polymerization method have been the mainstream product in the reverse osmosis membrane market, and have been widely used in various industrial separation processes, especially in water treatment and purification.
The traditional polyamide composite membrane consists of three parts: non-woven fabric, polysulfone or polyethersulfone porous support layer, and polyamide separation layer.
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